|
Declension
Slovenian
expresses with its endings not only number and gender, but also
relationships between the different words in the sentences (which
in English are expressed by means of prepositions). There are a
total of six forms for these relationships – which are called
Cases.
They
have the following names: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative,
locative and instrumental. (the first four cases are as in Latin).
For the
most part nouns are declined according to the following four patterns:
| Singular
|
Plural |
| miz-a |
-o
|
-e |
-i |
-i |
-o |
miz-e |
-e |
- |
-am |
-ah |
-ami |
| nit-
|
- |
-i |
-i |
-i |
-jo |
nit-i
|
-i |
-i |
-im |
-ih |
-mi |
| korak- |
- |
-a |
-u |
-u |
-om |
korak-i
|
-e |
-ov |
-om |
-ih |
-i
|
| mest-o |
-o |
-u |
-u |
-u |
-om |
mest-a |
-a |
- |
-om |
-ih |
-i |
| Dual |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Miz-i |
-i |
- |
-ama |
-ah |
-ama |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| nit-i |
-i |
-i |
-ima |
-ih |
-ima |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| korak-a |
-a |
-ov |
-oma |
-ih |
-i |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| mest-i |
-i |
- |
-oma |
-ih |
-i |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.
Some nouns have instead of –jo and –mi the endings –ijo
and –imi. Instead of –im –ih –ima some have
–em –eh -em: kostem.
2. If the noun refers to an animate being, it has the accusative
ending -a (cclovek, ccloveka).
3. Some nouns have the ending –u: most mostu.
4. Many nouns lengthen the stem with –ov in the plural: sinovi;
these have in the G. Pl. the ending: sinovi – sinov.
| Adjectives
and most pronouns are declined like this: |
| |
Singular |
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
lep-
|
-
/-ega
|
-ega
|
-emu
|
-em
|
-im
|
| Feminine:
|
-a
|
-o
|
-e
|
-i
|
-i
|
-o
|
| Neuter |
-o
|
-
/-ega
|
-ega
|
-emu
|
-em
|
-im
|
| |
Plural
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
lep-i
|
-e
|
-ih
|
-im
|
-ih
|
-imi
|
| Feminine:
|
-e
|
-e
|
| Neuter |
-a
|
-a
|
| |
Dual |
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
lep-a
|
-a
|
-ih
|
-ima
|
-ih
|
-ima
|
| Feminine:
|
-i
|
-i
|
| Neuter |
-i
|
-i
|
Personal Pronouns are declined: |
| |
Singular |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1.
Person: |
jaz
|
mene/me
|
mene/me
|
meni/mi
|
meni
|
menoj/mano
|
| 2.
Person: |
ti
|
tebe/te
|
tebe/te
|
tebi/ti
|
tebi
|
teboj/tabo
|
| Reflexive: |
--
|
sebe/se
|
sebe/se
|
sebi/si
|
sebi
|
seboj/sabo
|
| 3.
Person |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
on
|
njega/ga
|
njega/ga
|
njemu/mu
|
njem
|
njim
|
| Feminine:
|
ona
|
njo/jo
|
nje/je
|
njej/ji
|
njej
|
njo
|
| Neuter |
ono
|
njega/ga
|
njega/ga
|
njemu/mu
|
njem
|
njim
|
| |
Plural
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1.
Person |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
mi
|
nas/nas
|
nas/nas
|
nam/nam
|
nas
|
nami
|
| Feminine:
|
me
|
| 2.
Person |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
vi
|
vas/vas
|
vas/vass
|
vam/vam
|
vas
|
vami
|
| Feminine:
|
ve
|
| 3.
Person |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
oni
|
njih/jih
|
njih/jih
|
njim/jim
|
njih
|
njimi
|
| Feminine:
|
one
|
| Neuter |
ona
|
| |
Dual
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1.
Person |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
midva
|
naju/naju
|
naju/naju
|
nama/nama
|
naju
|
nama
|
| Feminine:
|
medve
|
| 2.
Person |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
vidva
|
vaju/vaju
|
vaju/vaju
|
vama/vama
|
vaju
|
vama
|
| Feminine:
|
vedve
|
| 3.
Person |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Masculine:
|
onadva
|
njiju/ju
|
njiju/ju
|
njima/jima
|
njiju
|
njima
|
| Feminine:
|
onidve
|
| Neuter |
The interrogative and relative pronouns
kdo, kdor and kaj, kar are declined like this: |
| "who" |
kdo
|
koga
|
koga
|
komu
|
kom
|
kom
|
| "one
who" |
kdor
|
kogar
|
kogar
|
komur
|
komer
|
komer
|
| "what" |
kaj
|
kaj
|
ccesa
|
ccemu
|
ccem
|
ccim
|
| "what" |
kar
|
kar
|
ccesar
|
ccemur
|
ccemer
|
ccimer
|
Nekdo ali marsikdo are
declined as kdo; nihcce and vsakdo as kdor (e.g.nikogar) etc.
As kaj are also declined: nekaj, marsikaj, as kar also nicc (Gen.
niccesar).
The other pronouns are eclined like adjectives, but ta and ves are
exceptional: instr. Sg. Is tem, vsem; in the plural they are declined
like this:
Masculine:
ti te teh tem teh temi
Feminine: te
Numerals are declined
as adjectives, cardinal numbers like this:
Value 2:
Masculine: dva dva dveh dvema dveh dvema
Feminine: dve dve
Value 3:
Masculine:
trije tri treh trem treh tremi
Feminine: tri
Value 4:
Masculine:
sstirje sstiri sstirih sstirim sstirih sstirimi
Feminine: sstiri
Value 5:
Masc./Fem.
pet pet petih petim petih petimi
Aleksandra
Ceferin, Thezaurus (Melbourne 2000)
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